The false pursuits (Bar 3:15-3:19)

“Who has found

Her place?

Who has entered

Her storehouses?

Where are the rulers

Of the nations?

Where are those

Who lorded it over

The animals on earth?

Where are those

Who have made sport

Of the birds of the air?

Where are those

Who hoarded up

Silver with gold

In which people trust ?

Where are those

With no end

To their getting?

Where are those

Who schemed

To get silver?

Where are those

Who are anxious?

There is no trace

Of their works.

They have vanished.

They have gone down

To Hades.

Others have arisen

In their place.”

Baruch talks about the vanity and uselessness of various life pursuits as in wisdom literature. What happens to people who store up treasures in a storehouse? Where are all the rulers of the various nations? Where are all the people who felt superior to animals. Where are the sportsmen who tried to shoot the birds in the air with their arrows? What happened to all those who hoarded up and put their trust in silver and gold? Where are all the people who never had enough? Where are those who schemed to get silver? Where are all the people who were so anxious? Baruch’s response is simple and clear. There is no trace of any of these people and their works. They have vanished and gone to hell, Hades, the Greek word for Sheol, the shadowy underworld that we often call hell. However, there are always others to take their place to do the same thing over and over again.

Futile sacrificial offerings (Isa 1:11-1:13)

“‘What to me

Is the multitude of your sacrifices?’

Says Yahweh.

‘I have had enough

Of burnt offerings

Of rams.

I have had enough

Of burnt offerings

Of the fat of fed beasts.

I do not delight

In the blood of bulls.

I do not delight

In the blood of lambs.

I do not delight

In the blood of goats.

When you come

To appear before me,

Who asked this

From your hand?

Trample my courts no more.

Bringing offerings is futile.

Incense is an abomination to me.’”

In a total rejection of the priestly Levitical Israelite line that stressed the importance and necessity of sacrificial offerings, Yahweh, via Isaiah, seems to call all of the Temple sacrifices useless. Why were there multitudes of sacrifices? Yahweh, the Lord, had had enough of priestly burnt offerings of rams, fatten animals, blood, bulls, lambs, and goats. Who asked you to bring all these animals? Why, of course it was God’s law, the Torah, especially the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers. It was a common theme as late as the wisdom literature. Here is an opposite strain of thought. Yahweh did not want his courts trampled, but that was what the law called for. This is a strong condemnation of incense, which was praised throughout all the other biblical writings because of its sweet smell. What a stunning reversal against the Torah!

The fear of the Lord (Sir 1:11-1:13)

“The fear of the Lord is glory.

The fear of the Lord is exultation.

The fear of the Lord is gladness.

The fear of the Lord is a crown of rejoicing.

The fear of the Lord delights the heart.

The fear of the Lord gives gladness.

The fear of the Lord gives joy.

The fear of the Lord gives long life.

Those who fear the Lord will have a happy end.

On the day of their death

They will be blessed.”

The beginning of wisdom is fear of God. Just like in all the other wisdom literature, everything starts with the fear of the Lord. This fear or reverential respect for God brings glory, exultation, and gladness. There will be a crown of rejoicing that delights the heart. They would experience gladness, joy, a long life, and a happy end to life. Those who fear God will be blessed on their death. Clearly there is a hint of an afterlife.

Title (Song 1:1-1:1)

“The Song of Songs,

That is Solomon’s.”

The title of this work is the superlative in Hebrew. Just like the holy of holies, so too the Song of Songs means the best song ever. Sometimes this is referred to as the Canticle of Canticles or the best canticle ever. There is an allusion to Solomon as in most of the wisdom literature.

The title of this work is the superlative in Hebrew. Just like the holy of holies, so too the Song of Songs means the best song ever. Sometimes this is referred to as the Canticle of Canticles or the best canticle ever. There is an allusion to Solomon as in most of the wisdom literature.

The leech (Prov 30:15-30:16)

“The leech has two daughters.

They cry.

‘Give!

Give!’

Three things are never satisfied.

Four never say.

‘Enough.’

They are Sheol,

The barren womb,

The earth ever thirsty for water,

And the fire.

They never say.

‘Enough.’”

Now we have the various proverbs with numbers in them. They are a lot like a riddle or a prophetic saying. These riddles may have had non-Israelite roots, like much of the wisdom literature. This first proverb is about 2 daughters of a blood sucking leech. There are 4 things that are never satisfied so that they never say enough, just like the leech. These 4 things are 1) Sheol, the shadowy underground afterlife, 2) the barren womb of a woman, 3) the earth that always takes more water, and finally, 4) a fire that is ever expanding. These things never say, ‘enough.’ They are never satisfied.