Then there are the five scrolls that includes the poetic love story the Song of Solomon, or the Song of Songs from the 6th century BCE. The Book of Ruth was about the story of Ruth, a Moabite foreigner who came to Israel, from the 9th to the 6th century BCE. Lamentations has usually been ascribed to Jeremiah the prophet from the 6th century BCE. Ecclesiastes is like a book of wisdom proverbs from the 4th century BCE. The story of Esther is about a Jewish lady who becomes a Persian queen also from the 4th century BCE.
includes
Sidon in the pit (Ezek 32:30-32:30)
“The princes of the north
Are there,
All of them.
All the Sidonians,
Have gone down
In shame
With the slain.
They caused terror
With their might.
They lie uncircumcised
With those
Who were killed
By the sword.
They bear
Their shame
With those
Who go down
To the pit.”
As with the people of the south, so too the princes of the north are there in the pit. This includes the Sidonians from the coastal city of Sidon, north of Israel in the Lebanon area. They have all gone down in shame with the slain. They had caused terror with their might. Now they lie uncircumcised with those killed by the sword. They bear the same shame with the others in the pit.
The covenant about future kings and Levites (Jer 33:19-33:22)
“The word of Yahweh
Came to Jeremiah.
Thus says Yahweh.
‘If any of you could break
My covenant with the day,
If any of you could break
My covenant with the night,
So that day and night
Would not come
At their appointed time,
Only then could
My covenant
With my servant David
Be broken.
Thus he would not
Have a son
To reign on his throne.
My covenant is
With my ministers,
The Levites.
Just as the host of heaven
Cannot be numbered,
Just as the sands of the sea
Cannot be measured,
So I will increase
The offspring
Of my servant David.
I will increase
The Levites
Who minister to me.’”
Once again this is an oracle of Yahweh to Jeremiah. Yahweh seems to say that if you can make day and night not appear at the correct time, then he would break his covenant with David. Otherwise, David would have a son to reign on his throne. It was very clear that no one could become king without a Davidic background. He also includes the Levite ministers, when he compares the numerous heavenly hosts and the immeasurable sands of the sea that cannot be measured or counted. Thus there would be offspring of David and Levites to minister to him.
The shame of Israel (Jer 2:26-2:28)
“As a thief is shamed when caught,
So the house of Israel shall be shamed.
Their kings shall be shamed.
Their princes shall be shamed.
Their priests shall be shamed.
Their prophets shall be shamed.
Who says to a tree?
‘You are my father.’
Who says to a stone?
‘You gave me birth.’
They have turned their backs to me.
They have not turned their faces to me.
But in the time of their trouble,
They say.
‘Arise!
Save us!’
But where are your gods
That you made for yourself?
Let them come!
See if they can save you
In your time of trouble.
You have as many gods
As you have towns!
O Judah!”
Jeremiah says that the house of Israel should be shamed like a thief who gets caught. This shame includes their kings, officials, priests, and prophets. Think of this, these people were saying to a tree, you are my father. They were saying to a stone that they were born from a stone. They turned their backs on Yahweh, since they would not show their face to him. However, whenever there was a problem, they would come running to Yahweh, asking him to come and save them. Where were their gods that they had made? Let them come and save them. However, they had as many gods as there were towns. Each town in Judah had their own little god image for protection.
Eugene Finnegan Bible Project 