“At the time appointed,
He shall return.
He shall come
Into the south.
But this time,
It shall not be
As it was before.
The ships of Kittim
Shall come against him.
He shall lose heart.
He shall withdraw.
He shall be enraged.
He shall take action
Against the holy covenant.
He shall turn back.
He shall give heed
To those who forsake
The holy covenant.
Forces sent by him
Shall occupy the temple.
They shall profane
The temple.
They shall occupy
The fortress.
They shall abolish
The regular burnt offering.
They shall set up
The abominations
That make it desolate.”
The second time that King Antiochus IV attacked Egypt, he was not as successful as the first time. The ships of Kittim, or the ships of the Romans, came against him. Kittim was the name for Cyprus and thus applied to all western troops. Once again, on his way home, in 167 BCE, he attacked Jerusalem. This time, there was a clear explanation of what he did. He turned against the people of the covenant. He even helped those who had forsaken the covenant, taking sides in a dispute there as explained in 2 Maccabees, chapters 3 and 4. He occupied the Temple and the fortress citadel in Jerusalem. He even profaned the Temple by abolishing the regular burnt offerings. These invaders even set up abominations in the Temple to make it a desolation.